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. 2017 Feb 2;38(4):e563–e570. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv180

Table 2.

Sample characteristics based on chronic physical and MDs

Disease groups
Heart disease
1193/2004
(59.5%)
Arthritis
735/2004
(36.7%)
Diabetes
368/2004
(18.4%)
Cancer
331/2004
(16.5%)
RD
N = 210/2004
(10.5%)
Cerebral vascular accident45/2004
(2.2%)
MDs
376/2004
(18.8%)
Age categories a a a
 65–74 years 638/1166 403/1166 218/1166 174/1166 118/1166 23/1166 213/1166
 75+ years 555/838 332/838 150/838 157/838 92/838 22/838 163/838
Sex a a a a a
 Males 527/844 280/844 174/844 190/844 111/844 20/844 141/844
 Females 666/1160 455/1160 194/1160 141/1160 109/1160 25/1160 235/1160
Region
 Urban/metropolitan 721/1219 463/1219 222/1219 201/1219 140/1219 28/1219 236/1219
 Rural 472/785 272/785 146/785 130/785 70/785 17/785 140/785
Income
<15 000/year 288/461 168/461 79/461 69/461 57/461 9/461 84/461
 15 000/year+ 904/1543 567/1453 289/1543 262/1543 14/1543 36/1543 292/1543
Marital status: a a
 Married 564/942 315/942 163/942 147/942 104/742 20/942 152/942
 Not married 629/1062 420/1062 204/1062 184/1062 106/1062 25/1062 224/1062
Average attributable healthcare costs (95% CI)
Outpatient costs 517
(226, 809)
775
(478, 1071)
408
(38, 779)
1716
(1336, 2095)
1508
(783, 2234)
1792
(827, 2757)
1049
(684, 1415)
Inpatient costs 564
(68, 1061)
1194
(640, 1747)
667
(37, 1297)
2229
(1579, 2879)
1633
(840, 2426)
4069
(2435, 5703)
677
(54, 1301)
Physician fees 345
(225, 465)
408
(287, 530)
264
(112, 417)
788
(633, 944)
730
(443, 1016)
779
(381, 1176)
361
(210, 512)
Medications 1558
(1206, 1897)
411
(46, 776)
2817
(2379, 3255)
1838
(1371, 2306)
1581
(838, 2294)
1060
(−126, 2246)
90
(−361, 542)
Total 2985
(2026, 3944)
2788
(1753, 3822)
4157
(2943, 5370)
6571
(5324, 7817)
5452
(3921, 6983)
7699
(4517, 10 882)
2178
(765, 3590)
Total adjusted costs 5818
(1046, 10 591)
5718
(926, 10 511)
7959
(2927, 12 990)
10 244
(5045, 15 442)
7411
(2202, 12 618)
9159
(2032, 16 286)
3736
(1115, 8587)

aEstimates adjusted for age, sex, income, marital status, region of residence.