Fig 2. Eco-social Model 1 for Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MAEBRs) and Open Access Areas (OAAs).

F = fishers, X = macroalgae, and p(λ) = characteristic polynomial. The community (Jacob-Levins) matrix with the semi-quantitative effect of j variable to i variable and the Hessian matrix are shown. The local stability measures of Routh-Hurwitz and Levins (Fn) criteria for MEABRs and OAAs scenarios are also summarized. First criterion (1°C) describes stability condition of the system, the second criterion (2°C) determine asymptotic or oscillation condition. The Fn is defined by holistic sustainability [25]. The assumptions included were changes in the self-dynamic (damped ‘-‘ [small circle] and/or enhanced ‘+’ [small arrow]) for fishers and macroalgae.