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. 2017 Apr 28;12(4):e0176674. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176674

Table 3. Classified hybrid BCI types according to the proposed taxonomy.

Article Diversity of Input Signal Role of Operation Mode of Operation Stimulus Modality Signal Signature # of Subject (# of Patient)
Neurological Others
[20] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 14
[31] EEG   ECG Switch Asynchronous Visual   SSVEP   10
[32] EEG   EMG, EOG Simultaneous Asynchronous Operant   SMR   3
[37] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 14
[38] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 9
[39] EEG   Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual Operant mVEP SMR 6
[40] EEG     Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 11
[41] EEG fNIRS   Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SMR   6
[42] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Tactile Tactile SSSEP P300 13
[59] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Selector Asynchronous Operant   SMR   10
[71] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Selector Asynchronous Operant   μ-rhythm   10
[72] EEG NIRS   Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SMR   14
[73] EEG fNIRS   Switch Asynchronous Operant   SMR   6
[74] EEG NIRS   Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SMR   14
[75] EEG fNIRS   Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Auditory ERP   12
[76] EEG   EMG (Wrist movement) Selector Synchronous Visual   P300   11 (3)
[77] EEG   EOG (Eyeball) Switch Asynchronous Visual   P300   13
[78] EEG   EOG (Eyeball) Switch Asynchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 9
[79] NIRS   ANS (EDA, ST, HR, and RE) Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SCP(Music Imagery)   8
[80] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Selector Synchronous Visual   P300   10
[81] EEG   Gyroscope (Head movement) Simultaneous Asynchronous Operant   θ, α, β   6
[82] EEG   Position Sensor (Shoulder movement) Switch Asynchronous Operant   SMR   1 (1)
[83] EEG   Joystick Simultaneous Asynchronous Operant Operant SMR SMR 14
[84] EEG   Joystick Simultaneous Asynchronous Operant   SMR   10
[85] EEG     Selector Asynchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 4
[86] EEG   Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 5
[87] EEG   Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 12
[88] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 8 (8)
[89] EEG   Simultaneous Synchronous Tactile Operant SSSEP SMR 16
[90] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 24
[91] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Switch Asynchronous Operant   SMR   7 (4)
[92] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Simultaneous Synchronous Visual   SCP   8
[93] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Selector Asynchronous Operant   SMR   7
[94] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Selector Asynchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 6
[95] EEG   EOG (Eyeball) Simultaneous Synchronous Visual   P300   10
[96] EEG Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 mVEP 10
[99] EEG     Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual Operant SSVEP μ-rhythm 6
[100] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Selector Asynchronous Operant   μ-rhythm   5
[101] EEG     Selector Synchronous Visual Operant SSVEP μ-rhythm 19
[105] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SMR Speech Imagery 7
[106] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual SSVEP P300 10
[108] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SMR   30
[109] EEG     Selector Asynchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 6
[111] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 10
[112] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 10
[113] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 13
[114] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 14
[115] EEG   Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 8
[116] EEG   EOG (Eyeball) Simultaneous Asynchronous Operant   SMR   6 (1)
[117] EEG     Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 7
[118] EEG     Selector Asynchronous Operant Visual, ERN SMR P300, ErRP 5
[119] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Tactile Operant SSSEP SMR 11
[120] EEG   Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 10
[121] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Selector Asynchronous Operant   SMR   20
[122] EEG     Switch Asynchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 3
[123] EEG     Selector Asynchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 6
[124] EEG     Selector Asynchronous Visual Operant P300, SSVEP SMR 5
[125] EEG     Switch Asynchronous Operant Operant SMR μ-rhythm 2 (2)
[126] EEG     Switch Asynchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 6
[127] EEG   Selector Synchronous Visual Visual P300 ErRP 12
[128] EEG   Selector Synchronous Visual Visual P300 ErRP 12
[129] EEG     Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Visual P300 SSVEP 12
[130] EEG   Eye tracking (Eyeball) Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual   ERP   10
[131] EEG   EOG (Eyeball) Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SMR   4
[132] EEG   Simultaneous Synchronous Visual Operant SSVEP SMR 12
[133] EEG     Selector Asynchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 5
[134] EEG   Position sensor (Shoulder movement) Switch Asynchronous Operant   SMR   1
[135] EEG   Simultaneous Asynchronous Visual   SSVEP   9
[136] EEG   Selector Synchronous Visual Operant P300 SMR 12
[137] EEG   Simultaneous Synchronous Auditory Tactile P300 P300 12
[138] EEG   Selector Synchronous Auditory Auditory P300 ErRP 9
[139] EEG   Simultaneous Synchronous Tactile Tactile P300 SSSEP 14
[140] EEG   EMG (Hand movement) Selector Synchronous Visual   SSVEP   10
[141] EEG fNIRS   Simultaneous Synchronous Operant   SMR   15
[142] EEG   Simultaneous Synchronous Tactile Operant SSSEP SMR 14