Table 1.
Characteristics and content of phenols in wines organized by type of grape.
| Wine Color | Grape Type | n of Samples | Year 1 | Alcoholic Grade 2 | Gallic Acid | Syringic Acid | Hydroxytyrosol | Luteolin | Quercetin | trans-Resveratrol |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content in mg/kg 2 | ||||||||||
| Red | Blend | 4 | 2010–2013 | 13.5 ± 0.4 | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 7.6 ± 4.2 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 3.2 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
| Negroamaro | 16 | 2007–2013 | 13.6 ± 0.7 | 26.8 ± 7.4 | 7.2 ± 3.4 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 3.4 | 5.5 ± 2.7 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | |
| Primitivo | 5 | 2011–2012 | 13.6 ± 0.2 | 24.9 ± 7.0 | 7.8 ± 4.5 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 3.2 | 4.8 ± 3.4 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | |
| Susumaniello | 2 | 2012 | 13.3 ± 0.4 | 28.0 ± 2.2 | 5.2 ± 3.3 | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 7.2 ± 2.4 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | |
| White | Bianco d’Alessano | 1 | 2013 | 12.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | ND 3 | 0.2 |
| Blend | 4 | 2012–2013 | 12.6 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | |
| Chardonnay | 9 | 2012–2013 | 13.1 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | |
| Falanghina | 1 | 2013 | 12.5 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | ND | 0.3 | |
| Fiano | 3 | 2013 | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 8.1 ± 4.1 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | |
| Malvasia | 1 | 2013 | 13.0 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.3 | |
| Moscato | 1 | 2012 | 14.5 | 12.5 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 0.3 | |
| Negroamaro | 1 | 2013 | 12.5 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ND | 0.1 | |
| Verdecca | 1 | 2013 | 12.5 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | ND | 0.5 | |
| Rose | Negroamaro | 18 | 2011–2013 | 12.9 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 2.2 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
| Negroamaro and Malvasia Nera | 4 | 2013 | 12.9 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 3.7 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | |
| Primitivo | 1 | 2013 | 13.5 | 5.5 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 1.8 | ND | 0.6 | |
1 Production year and alcoholic grade as reported on the bottle. 2 Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation relatively to the different wine bottles analyzed. In some cases only one bottle per grape type was available and no standard deviation was reported. 3 Not detected, below the limit of detection.