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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 28.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Surg. 2017 Jan 1;152(1):11–18. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.3329

Figure 3. Decedent Analysis Comparing the Timing of Rural Deaths vs Urban Deaths Among Injured Patients Served by Emergency Medical Services (EMS).

Figure 3

Proportions were calculated based on the denominator of total deaths in each region (eg, all rural proportions add to 100%). The absolute number of deaths was calculated based on the full sample of injured patients served by EMS in these regions during the study period (n = 67 047). Among patients injured in rural regions, there were 29 deaths (15 [51.7%] out-of-hospital, 11 [37.9%] at ≤24 hours, and 3 [10.3%] at >24 hours). Among patients injured in urban regions, there were 583 deaths (143 [24.5%] out-of-hospital, 230 [39.5%] at ≤24 hours, and 210 [36%] at >24 hours). The overall mortality comparison demonstrated rural mortality of 1.44% (95% CI, 0.96-2.15) vs urban mortality of 0.89% (95% CI, 0.68-1.17; P = .09 for comparison). ED indicates emergency department.