Table 1. Description of Urban and Rural Counties.
| County, State | 2010 Population, No.a | Persons per Square Kilometer, No. | EMS System | Level I Hospitalb | Level II Hospitalb | Any Acute Care Hospitalb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distance, km | Driving Time Without/With Traffic, min | Distance, km | Driving Time Without/With Traffic, min | Distance, km | Driving Time Without/With Traffic, min | ||||
| Urban | |||||||||
| Multnomah, Oregon | 735 334 | 655 | Dual ALS response | 9.2 | 16/26 | NAc | NAc | 2.7 | 7/9 |
| Washington, Oregon | 529 710 | 281 | Dual ALS response | 17.2 | 24/45 | NAc | NAc | 10.0 | 14/22 |
| Clackamas, Oregon | 375 992 | 77 | Dual ALS response | 24.3 | 26/40 | NAc | NAc | 2.6 | 4/4 |
| King, Washington | 1 931 249 | 351 | Tiered BLS-ALS response | 14.2 | 18/26 | NAc | NAc | 13.5 | 16/26 |
| Clark, Washington | 425 363 | 260 | Dual ALS response | 24.3 | 24/40 | 7.9 | 12/16 | 7.9d | 12/16d |
| Rural | |||||||||
| Josephine, Oregon | 82 713 | 19 | Dual response: BLS/ALS | 398.8 | 230/270 | 230.6 | 140/170 | 5.1 | 6/6 |
| Skamania, Washington | 11 066 | 3 | Single-agency ALS response | 76.4 | 55/70 | 66.3 | 55/55 | 38.3 | 35/35 |
Abbreviations: ALS, advanced life support; BLS, basic life support; EMS, emergency medical services; NA, not applicable.
a
Population and geographic values based on 2010 US Census19 data for these regions.
b
Transport driving distances calculated for ground transport from the county-based centroid (geographic center based on population density using ArcGIS geospatial mapping) to each level of hospital; all distances rechecked using Google Maps from the same coordinates. Driving times were estimated using Google Maps for travel during typical times with light (11:30 pm) and with heavy (5 pm) traffic based on the ArcGIS coordinates.
c
Level I trauma center closer than the nearest level II trauma center.
d
Closest hospital is the level II trauma center.