Table 3.

Select upgrading characteristics and related health benefits.

Slum Upgrading Characteristic (Select)	Health Influences (Examples)
Community Empowerment and Political Recognition via Participatory Upgrading	Trust; empowerment; control of life decisions [28]
Right to Remain (In Situ Upgrading)	Social connections; collective efficacy; no fear of displacement [79]
Housing Improvements and Land Tenure	Reduced anxiety from fear of displacement; address can result in social services, access to banking, etc. [80]
Safety and Security	Reduced gender-based violence; reduced physical violence; improved mental health [81]
Integration of Slums into Formal City	Transportation and access to employment, education and services; reduced isolation and segregation [82]
Poverty Reduction	Income for food, electricity and other services [8]
Climate Change Resilience	Reduced health impacts from flooding, heat events, or water scarcity due to drought [83]