Table 2.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the subjects by metabolic phenotype.
| Variables | Total (n = 3015) | MHNW (n = 1476) | MUHNW (n = 1539) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.5 ± 14.1 | 42.7 ± 13.6 | 48.1 ± 14.1 | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.313 | |||
| Male | 1158 (38.4) | 581 (39.4) | 577 (37.5) | |
| Female | 1857 (61.6) | 895 (60.6) | 962 (62.5) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤ Middle school | 1448 (48.0) | 647 (43.8) | 801 (52.0) | |
| High school | 711 (23.6) | 338 (22.9) | 373 (24.2) | |
| ≥ College | 856 (28.4) | 491 (33.3) | 365 (23.7) | |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 667 (22.1) | 324 (22.0) | 343 (22.3) | 0.861 |
| Current drinkers, n (%) | 622 (20.6) | 320 (21.7) | 302 (19.6) | 0.163 |
| Waist (cm) | 78.8 ± 6.8 | 77.1 ± 6.5 | 80.5 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.6 ± 1.5 | 21.3 ± 1.5 | 21.9 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%) | 24.8 ± 6.6 | 23.2 ± 6.7 | 25.2 ± 6.3 | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle (%) | 41.9 ± 5.9 | 43.0 ± 6.0 | 40.9 ± 5.6 | <0.001 |
| Body water (%) | 53.1 ± 4.1 | 53.6 ± 4.2 | 52.7 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 28.0 ± 9.2 | 28.5 ± 9.1 | 27.4 ± 9.3 | 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.6 ± 16.2 | 112.9 ± 13.5 | 120.2 ± 17.7 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.7 ± 10.0 | 70.8 ± 9.0 | 74.5 ± 10.6 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 276.5 ± 72.0 | 268.3 ± 67.3 | 284.3 ± 75.4 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 18.8 ± 11.0 | 17.5 ± 9.6 | 20.0 ± 12.0 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.9 ± 7.4 | 21.7 ± 7.2 | 22.2 ± 7.5 | 0.034 |
Note: Data are expressed as mean ± SD or number (percentage). MHNW: metabolically healthy normal weight, MUHNW: metabolically unhealthy normal-weight. p values were from independent two-sample t-tests or chi-square tests.