Table 4.
Association between physical limitations (physical functioning score <75) and job characteristic, Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study, 1993–1998 (n = 79,147).
| Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Model Fit (QICu) | Substantive Complexity | Physical Demand | Social Collaboration |
| 1: Crude 1 | 118913 | 0.78 (0.76–0.80) * | 1.14 (1.11–1.17) * | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) * |
| 2: Crude + confounders 2 | 110170 | 0.81 (0.79–0.84) * | 1.12 (1.10–1.15) * | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) * |
| 3: Model 2 + education | 109219 | 0.94 (0.91–0.96) * | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) * | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) |
| 4: Model 3 + income | 104786 | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) * | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) * | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) |
| 5: Model 4 + mediators 3 | 95959 | 0.97 (0.95–1.00) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) * | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) |
| Working at baseline 4 | 37004 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) * | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) * | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) |
| Homemakers 5 | 29907 | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 1.07 (1.01–1.12) * | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
* Statistically significant at α = 0.05. 1 Controlling for work during critical time periods; 2 Age, birth region, race/ethnicity, marital status, and exercise at age 18; 3 Body mass index category, retirement status, presence of comorbidities, corticosteroid use, social support, social strain, presence of depressive symptoms, energy expenditure per week, smoking status, alcohol intake, number of children; 4 Model 3 limited to actively working at baseline (n = 32,242); 5 Model 3 limited to self-identified homemakers (n = 18,526).