Table 2.
Effect of pure vitamin C on infectious disease outcomes in animal studies.
| Category | No. of Studies in the Category | No. of Studies with Benefit in Any Infectious Disease Outcome with p ≤ 0.01 |
|---|---|---|
| All studies | 148 | 86 |
| Time of publication | ||
| Published in 1935–1949 | 40 | 20 |
| Published in 1950–1989 | 48 | 32 |
| Published in 1990–2005 | 60 | 34 |
| Animal species | ||
| Monkey | 13 | 4 |
| Guinea pig | 36 | 21 |
| Cow, sheep, rabbit | 10 | 8 |
| Cat | 1 | 1 |
| Rat | 15 | 10 |
| Gerbil, hamster | 7 | 5 |
| Mouse | 18 | 9 |
| Mammals a | 100 | 58 |
| Birds | 13 | 8 |
| Fish | 35 | 20 |
| Etiological agent | ||
| Tuberculosis (TB) | 8 | 3 |
| Bacteria (non-TB) | 70 | 36 |
| Bacterial toxins | 19 | 16 |
| Virus | 22 | 12 |
| Candida albicans | 6 | 4 |
| Protozoa | 23 | 15 |
A shorter version of this table was published in Hemilä (2006) [1] (p. 8). This table is based on data collected and analyzed in Appendix 2 of [1] (pp. 105–118). See Supplementary file 1 of this review for the list of the studies and their characteristics. p(1-tail) is used in this table. a The mammals category combines all the mammal species from the rows above.