2-OHM	2-hydroxymelatonin
4-OHM	4-hydroxymelatonin
6-OHM	6-hydroxymelatonin
AAAD	aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
Aβ	amyloid-beta
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AD-MSCs	adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
AFMK	N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine
AMK	N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
AP-2β	activator protein 2β
ARE	antioxidant responsive element
ATF4	activating transcription factor 4
BACE1	β-APP-cleaving enzyme 1
Bax	Bcl-2-associated X protein
BBB	blood-brain barrier
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BDNF	brain derived neurotrophic factor
bFGF	basic fibroblast growth factor
BMMNCs	bone marrow mononuclear cells
BM-MSCs	bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
C3-OHM	cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin
CaMKIIα	calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha
cAMP	cyclic AMP
CAT	catalase
CCL20	chemokine C-C motif ligand 20
cGMP	cyclic GMP
CNS	central nerve system
COX-2	cyclo-oxygenase 2
CVDs	cardiovascular diseases
CXCL1	chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1
cyt c	cytochrome c
DAG	diacylglycerol
DS	diclofenac sodium
DW	dry weight
EBPβ	enhancer-binding protein beta
eIF2α	eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
EMF	electromagnetic fields
EMT	epithelial mesenchymal transition
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ERR-α	estrogen-related receptor alpha
FRAP	ferric reducing antioxidant power
FSS	flow shear stress
FW	fresh weight
G6PD	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAS	gamma-activated sequence
γ-GCS	gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase
G-CSF	granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
GFAP	glia and fibrillary acidic protein
GM-CSF	granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
GSH-Rd	glutathione reductase
GSK3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3β
H2-Ab1	histocompatibility class II antigen A, beta 1
HDAC	histone deacetylase
Hes1	hairy and enhancer of split 1
HIOMT	hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase
HOMA-IR index	homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index
hTERT	human telomerase reserve transcriptase
i.v.	intravenously
i.p.	intraperitoneally
IFN-γ	interferon gamma
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IKK	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase
IL-6	interleukin 6
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IRI	ischemia/reperfusion injury
JAK2	Janus kinase 2
JNK	Jun N-terminal kinase
LAN	light at night
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDH	malondialdehyde
MI	myocardial infarction
MLHb	medial lateral habenula
MMP-9	matrix metalloproteinase-9
Mst1	mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1
MT1, MT2	melatonin receptors
NAD	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAT	N-acetyltransferase
NDRG2	N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NK	natural killer
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor P3
NO	nitric oxide
NOMela	N-nitrosomelatonin
Nrf2	nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2
OA	osteoarthritis
ON	optic neuritis
ORAC	oxygen radical antioxidant capacity
Oxa	oxaliplatin
p-Akt	phosphorylated protein kinase B
PARP	poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
pCREB	phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha
PI3K	phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase
PKB	protein kinase B
PLR	pupil light reflex
PPAR-γ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PRDX1	peroxiredoxin 1
PS1	presenilin 1
PUMA	p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
ROCK-1	Rho-associated kinase protein
ROS	reactive oxygen species
S100B	S100 calcium-binding protein B
SAH	subarachnoid hemorrhage
SCN	suprachiasmatic nucleus
SE	standard error
SEEMs	selective estrogen enzyme modulators
SIRT1	sirtuin 1
SOD	superoxide dismutase
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
TBI	traumatic brain injury
TGF-β	transforming growth factor β
TIMP-1	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
TPH	tryptophan hydroxylase
UCP1	uncoupling protein 1
UPS	ubiquitin/proteasome system
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VEP	visual evoked potentials