Table 5.

Placebo-controlled studies on Cimicifuga racemosa for alleviating natural menopausal complaints. For bibliographic details of these studies see Beer et al. [47]

Author, year	Licensed medicinal product	Number of patients	Standardized difference in means	95% confidence interval
Frei Kleiner 2005	Yes	122	−0.090	−0.461 to 0.281
Geller 2009	No	43	0.170	−0.408 to 0.748
Amsterdam 2009	No	28	0.430	−0.286 to 1.146
Newton 2006	No	164	−0.270	−0.578 to 0.038
Osmers 2005	Yes	286	−0.394	−0.626 to −0.162
Stoll 1987	Yes	50	−1.020	−1.586 to −0.454
Wuttke 2003	Yes	40	−0.639	−1.260 to −0.018
Kaiser 2008	Yes	120	−0.617	−0.975 to −0.259
Li Yilin	Yes	77	−0.792	−1.246 to −0.338
Meta-analysis summary of efficacy	Any	930	−0.385	−0.514 to −0.255 (p < 0.0001)