Table 4.

Mental and/or physical health outcomes in physical activity studies in Sub-Saharan Africa

First author	Country	Design	Participants	Physical activity intervention or assessment	Mental and/or physical health outcomes+
Adeniyi 2011 [38]	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	1,100 adolescents (boys=538, girls=562); 12-17 years	Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents	Higher CDI scores were linked with lower levels of physical activity (r=-0.82, P< 0.001) and moderate physical activity was linked with reduced risk of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.42, 95%CI=0.29-0.71)
Mutimuura 2008 [39]	Rwanda	RCT	50 (20♂) (37.5±6.9 years) outpatients with HIV; 88% employed; BMI=24.4±2.7; 20% smoking vs 50 (20♂) controls with HIV with care as usual (37.8±5.5 years)	26 weeks, 3xweek, 90min moderate intensity aerobic and resistance training; providers unknown	At 6 months, scores on psychological quality of life [1.3±0.3 vs. 0.5±0.1; P<0.0001], self-esteem [1.3 ±0.8 vs. 0.1±0.6); P< 0.001], body image [1.5±0.6 vs. 0.0±0.5; P <0.001] and emotional stress [1.6±0.7 vs. 0.2±0.5; P < 0.001], improved more in the exercise group

⁺Physical health outcomes only reported in mental health populations; RCT= randomized controlled trial, HAM-D= Hamilton depression score, MADRS=Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, DLS=Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument for local depression-like syndromes, ALS= Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument for local anxiety-like syndromes; CDI= Children’s Depression Inventory; BIS=Body Image Silhouette test.