Table 3.
Comparison of clinical outcomes and total cost between three time periods, based on the presence of an ACS service
| Period 1 | Period 2 | Period 3 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number, n | 139 | 241 | 55 | – |
| Index OR, n (%) | 22 (16) | 120 (50) | 42 (76) | <0.001 |
| Elective OR, n (%) | 85 (61) | 67 (28) | 6 (11) | <0.001 |
| Inpatient ERCP, n (%) | 61 (44) | 87 (36) | 16 (29) | 0.11 |
| ER to OR, d, mean (SD) | 95 (194) | 32 (66) | 23 (107) | <0.001 |
| OR duration, minutes | 65 (32) | 68 (29) | 63 (34) | 0.44 |
| Open, n (%) | 6 (4) | 9 (4) | 0 (0) | – |
| Postoperative stay, d, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.8) | 1.4 (5.7) | 1.1 (1.9) | 0.87 |
| Total LOS on index admission, days, mean (SD) | 5 (3) | 6 (9) | 5 (3) | 0.10 |
| More than one admission for GSP, n (%) | 47 (34) | 30 (12) | 4 (7) | <0.001 |
| More than one ER visit for GSP, n (%) | 58 (42) | 32 (13) | 9 (16) | <0.001 |
| Time of index OR | ||||
| Mon–Fri (7 a.m.–5 p.m.) | 10 (46) | 73 (61) | 26 (62) | 0.675 |
| Mon–Fri (5 p.m.–Midnight) | 2 (9) | 9 (8) | 2 (5) | |
| Mon–Fri (Midnight–7 a.m.) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Weekend | 10 (46) | 38 (32) | 14 (33) | |
| Total cost (2011 dollars), mean (SD) | $9255 (324) | $9307 (648) | $8093 (505) | <0.001 |
Period 1: 2008–2010 (no ACS at either site)
Period 2: 2010–2014 (ACS at site A)
Period 3: 2014–2015 (ACS at both sites)
LOS Length of stay, ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ER emergency room, OR operating room