Fig. 1.
Activation of necroptotic pathway in human end-stage heart failure. a Representative immunoblots of RIP1, RIP3, pSer227-RIP3, procsp-8, csp-8, MLKL, pSer358-MLKL and pThr357-MLKL in control (C) and heart failure due to myocardial infarction (CAD) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The right RIP3 blot and its corresponding total protein stain section are spliced because of marker lane interference. b–f, h–j Quantification of RIP1, RIP3, pSer227–RIP3, procsp-8, csp-8, MLKL, pSer358-MLKL and pThr357-MLKL immunoblots. g Quantification of procsp-8/csp-8 ratio. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. C; #P < 0.05 vs. CAD. n = 4, 6, 10 for C, CAD and DCM respectively. ND non-detectable