Table 1. Habitat and landscape attributes (Mean ± SD, Min–Max) at five glacial valleys in Huascaran National Park, Peru, 2014–2015.
Total n = 130 | Llanganuco n = 30 | Llaca n = 20 | Ulta n = 30 | Rajucolta n = 20 | Parón n = 30 | Between- localities differences | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elevation (m) | 4080 ± 327.8 3302–4678 | 3999 ± 322.6 3468–4513 | 4274 ± 225.1 4007–4610 | 4030 ± 331.9 3515–4495 | 4249 ± 240.4 3965–4678 | 3971 ± 67 3302–4591 | X2: 14.96,p < 0.005 |
DBH (cm) | 29.7 ± 33.84 10–253 n = 274 | 28.9 ± 26.87 10–158 n = 69 | 28.5 ± 22.52 10–117 n = 49 | 23.4 ± 34.86 10–253 n = 53 | 41.2 ± 33.91 10–132 n = 33 | 30.9 ± 43.82 10–219 n = 70 | X2: 6.12, p = 0.191 |
Tree height (m) | 6.4 ± 2.96 1.5–20 n = 274 | 6.2 ± 2.58 1.5–14 n = 69 | 5.2 ± 2.84 1.8–11 n = 49 | 8.6 ± 3.97 1.6–20 n = 53 | 7.0 ± 2.30 3–16 n = 33 | 5.3 ± 1.72 2–10 n = 70 | X2: 1.44, p = 0.838 |
Ground cover height (cm) | 0.8 ± 0.34 0.0–1.68 | 1.0 ± 0.35 0.4–1.68 | 0.8 ± 0.22 0.5–1.25 | 0.8 ± 0.42 0.0–1.63 | 0.7 ± 0.19 0.2–1.03 | 0.9 ± 0.27 0.6–1.38 | X2: 21.17,p= 0.001 |
Canopy depth (m) | 1.4 ± 1.42 0.00–11 | 1.5 ± 1.12 0.00–4.33 | 1.3 ± 0.79 0.00–2.63 | 1.8 ± 2.39 0.00–11 | 1.00 ± 1.04 0.00–3.5 | 1.3 ± 0.77 0.00–2.75 | X2: 2.57, p = 6.33 |
Tree density (Ind/100 m2) | 3.2 ± 3.82 0.00–17.19 | 4.5 ± 4.96 0.00–17.19 | 4.0 ± 6.13 0.00–14.01 | 2.8 ± 3.83 0.00–10.50 | 2.6 ± 3.57 0.00–5.41 | 2.4 ± 2.22 0.00–11.78 | X2: 4.70, p = 0.320 |
Bushes density (Ind/100 m2) | 14.5 ± 12.08 0.00–111.41 | 24.1 ± 13.18 0.00–111.41 | 10.2 ± 6.03 2.55–23.87 | 17.5 ± 14.69 0.32–33.1 | 9.6 ± 7.63 0.64–46.15 | 10.5 ± 7.21 2.55–27.37 | X2: 8.59, p = 0.072 |
Moss cover percent | 0.3 ± 0.25 0.00–0.94 | 0.3 ± 0.290.00–0.94 | 0.6 ± 0.250.11–0.89 | 0.2 ± 0.21 0.01–0.75 | 0.2 ± 0.18 0.01–0.79 | 0.2 ± 0.15 0.00–0.74 | X2: 24.48,p= 0.001 |
Puna grass cover percent | 0.3 ± 0.32 0.0–0.95 | 0.4 ± 0.32 0.0–0.95 | 0.2 ± 0.33 0.0–0.91 | 0.4 ± 0.31 0.0–0.95 | 0.3 ± 0.37 0.0–0.94 | 0.1 ± 0.140.0–0.73 | X2: 29.88,p= 0.001 |
Rock cover percent | 0.4 ± 0.26 0.00–0.95 | 0.3 ± 0.21 0.00–0.94 | 0.7 ± 0.22 0.29–0.94 | 0.3 ± 0.22 0.02–0.70 | 0.3 ± 0.37 0.02–0.95 | 0.3 ± 0.18 0.03–0.78 | X2: 38.75,p= 0.001 |
Bare ground cover percent | 0.4 ± 0.26 0.00–0.95 | 0.1 ± 0.18 0.00–0.75 | 0.0 ± 0.02 0.00–0.06 | 0.1 ± 0.10 0.00–0.50 | 0.1 ± 0.06 0.00–0.23 | 0.1 ± 0.10 0.00–0.36 | X2: 9.95, p = 0.041 |
Canopy cover percent | 0.5 ± 0.38 0.00–1.00 | 0.5 ± 0.40 0.00–1.00 | 0.6 ± 0.39 0.00–1.00 | 0.5 ± 0.44 0.00–1.00 | 0.4 ± 0.34 0.00–1.00 | 0.5 ± 0.41 0.00–1.00 | X2: 1.12, p = 0.892 |
Slope | 23.2 ± 9.89 5–48 | 18.7 ± 9.17 6–36 | 25.2 ± 10.80 9–48 | 23.8 ± 11.00 5–46 | 24.6 ± 8.30 6–35 | 25.0 ± 8.9 7–38 | X2: 8.18, p = 0.085 |
Forest on 50 m-r plot (0.79 ha) | 0.35 ± 0.26 0–0.79 | 0.39 ± 0.26 0–0.79 | 0.47 ± 0.23 0–0.79 | 0.24 ± 0.25 0–0.79 | 0.27 ± 0.27 0–0.79 | 0.39 ± 0.25 0–0.79 | X2: 13.53,p= 0.009 |
Patch size (ha) | 31.2 ± 50.68 0–180.48 | 62.4 ± 85.02 0–180.48 | 31.9 ± 29.94 0–61 | 3.9 ± 7.03 0–20.7 | 39.4 ± 43.19 0–85.9 | 21.7 ± 20.65 0–44.3 | X2: 13.94,p= 0.007 |
Distance to the edge (m) | −41.5 ± 186.56 −1372–177 | −7.1 ± 72.79 −315–84 | 31.7 ± 78.83 −165–177 | −60.2 ± 111.05 −414–60 | −192.8 ± 403.29 −1372–50 | −5.2 ± 64.31 −246–67 | X2: 16.24,p= 0.003 |