Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants and main variables
| N(%) | Mean ± SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | -- | 24.41±5.22 | 18–36 |
| Maternal Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 17 (43.6) | -- | -- |
| Hispanic | 16 (41) | -- | -- |
| African-American | 2 (5.1) | -- | -- |
| Others | 4 (10.3) | -- | -- |
| Maternal education (years) | -- | 13.49±2.38 | 7–18 |
| Infant sex (female) | 24 (61.5) | -- | -- |
| Postpartum month at the time of fMRI scans | -- | 3.97±1.58 | 0.89–6.96 |
| Income-to-needs ratio | -- | 2.47±1.48 | 0.44–6.34 |
| Maternal behaviors | |||
| Sensitivity | -- | 5.24±1.26 | 3–7 |
| Nonintrusiveness | -- | 5.55±1.26 | 3–7 |
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | -- | 6.97±5.64 | 0–26 |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | -- | 5.03±2.89 | 0–11 |
| History of depression or anxiety diagnosis (Yes) | 4 (10.3) | -- | -- |
| Anxiety and depression medication use (Yes) | 1 (2.6) | -- | -- |
| Interval between home and fMRI visits (months) | -- | 0.85±0.69 | 0.07–3.42 |
| Breastfeeding (and/or daily pump; but not exclusive formula-feeding) | 38 (97.4) | -- | -- |
| Right handedness | 33 (86.8) | -- | -- |
| Time away from own infant per week (hours) | -- | 11.92±13.31 | 0–40 |