Table 3. CTCs in early stage lung cancer.
| PMID | Staging | Case(n) | Test Time | Cell isolation/ confirmation | Marker | CTC+ Rate | Prognosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21098695 | 1A&1B | 86 | Preoperatively | ISET | Circulating non-hematologic cells | 19.4% (7/36 Stage IA) & 28.0% (14/50 Stage 1B) | high risk factor of recurrence and death |
| 26913536 | 1A&1B | 26 | Preoperatively | MACS technology | CKsEGFR | 50% (13/26) | CTCs after surgery: early recurrence |
| 17554991 | 1A&1B | 9 | Preoperatively | Cell Search® | CKsEpCAM | 16.67% (1/6 Stage 1A) & 0% (0/3 Stage 1B) | N.A. |
| 21128227 | Stage 1 | 91 | Preoperatively | Cell Search®& ISET | CKsEpCAM | 13% (33/91) | CTCs(+): worse DFS |
| 18514066 | Stage 1 | 8 | N.A | RT-PCR for Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | BJ-TSA-9,Pre-proGRP, SCC, LUNX, KRT-19 | 75% (6/8)With at least one marker | Positivity of more than one marker :short survival time |
| 10788810 | Stage 1 | 29 | Preoperatively | RT-PCR | Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | 37.9 3% (11/29) | Persistently positive CEA mRNA: shorter DFS and OS |
| 23861795 | Stage 1 | 43 | 1 day after PET | immunofluorescence | CKs | 60.47% (26/43) | N.A. |
| 20471712 | Stage 1 | 33 | Preoperatively and/or one month after surgery | nested or semi-nested RT-PCR | CK19 and TTF-1 | CK19 (+) CTCs: 39.39% (13/33); TTF-1 (+) CTCs:36.4% (12/33) | Postoperative TTF-1(+) CTCs: shorter PFS |
| 25996878 | Stage 1 | 14 | Before the treatment | Cell Search®& Luminex xMAP assay | CKs | 0% (0/14) | N.A |
| 18606477 | Stage 1 | 13 | Preoperatively | RT-PCR & ELISA | Survivin | 15.38%(2/13) | independent predictor for cancer recurrence |
| 21215651 | Stage 1 | 75 | Immediately after pulmonary resection | Immuno-histochemistry | CKs | 36% (27 with singular tumor cell)30% (25 with clustered tumor cells) | CTCs: shorter DFS |
| 26317979 | Stage 1and 2 | 16 | N.A. | Multi-parameter flow cytometry | EpCAM, CK7/8,CXCR4, CD133 | 81.25% (13/16) | N.A |
Note:CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen;CKs: cytokeratins; CXCR4: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; DFS: disease free survival; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; GRP: gastric inhibition polypeptide; KRT-19: keratin 19; LUNX: lung-specific X protein; PET: positron emission computed tomography; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma antigen; TSA: tumor specific antigen; TTF: thyroid transcription factor.