Purified T lymphocytes were co-cultured with 10 μg/mL EMPs from EA.hy926, TNF-α-stimulated EA.hy926, TNF-α-stimulated EA.hy926 protected by 2.5 μmol/L simvastatin, TNF-α-stimulated EA.hy926 transinfected by antagomir-155 and TNF-α-stimulated EA.hy926 transinfected by antagomir-NC, respectively. Cytokines were determined using ELISA kits 3 days after co-culture. T lymphocytes subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, *P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (A–B) Th1-related cytokines including IL-2 (A) and IFN-γ (B). (C–E) Th2-related cytokines including IL-4 (C), IL-6 (D), IL-10 (E–G). Th9- and Th17-related cytokines including IL-9 (F), IL-17A (G). (H–I). (H) CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg and (I) CD4+IL-17A+Th17 cells out of all CD4+ cells.