Table 3. 5-aza sensitizes cells to TGF-β1 as indicated by IL11 expression.

Cell treatment	IL11 (n=10)		PRG4 (n=7)		NOX4 (n=13)
	Median (min, max)	P value	Median (min, max)	P value	Median (min, max)	P value
SF	1.69 (0.86, 2.22)	0.070	1.44 (0.63, 3.22)	0.084	1.11 (0.13, 3.62)	0.352
TGF-β1	2.37 (1.68, 3.61)	0.045	2.03 (1.01, 15.29)	0.128	1.03 (0.52, 2.96)	0.243

Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to 5-aza or left untreated for 72 hours, before cells were stimulated with recombinant human TGF-β1 or left in SF medium alone. After 24 hours, the gene expression analysis was performed. P values reflect the ratio of gene expression in response to 5-aza compared to unstimulated cells. Statistical analyses were based on log-transformed values with the paired t-test.

5-aza: 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1, IL11: interleukin-11, PRG4: proteoglycan 4, NOX4: NADPH oxidase 4, min: minimum, max: maximum, SF: serum-free.