FIGURE 4.

Short-term memory (STM), but not LTM, is disrupted by cold shock. Animals were conditioned with 0.01% 1-nonanol and 160 mM KCl by eight-cycle massed training (A) or eight-cycle spaced training with a 10-min ITI (B). Immediately after conditioning, animals were immersed in ice-cold ddH₂O for 5 s as cold shock. Chemotaxis assays were performed 5 min (gray bars) and 3 or 6 h (open bars) after the recovery from cold shock. Note that only LI values of animals with and without cold shock after massed training were statistically different (^∗∗p < 0.01) and that all the other LIs, which include LIs 3 h after massed training, with cold shock were statistically indistinguishable from those without cold shock, when analyzed using a two-sided Student’s t-test. LI values were calculated from the equation shown in Figure 2A using CI_reference values of animals treated with 100% EtOH and 160 mM KCl. Data are displayed as means ± SEM (n = 6–9 assays). n.s., not significant.