Table 4.
Hazard ratios for self-harm according to indicators of adolescent mental and physical health in the study population (crude and adjusted models)
| No. | Crudeb | Adjustedc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SHa | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 24 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 57 | 2.42 (1.50–3.90) | 2.37 (1.47–3.82) |
| Parental socioeconomic status | |||
| Primary education | 7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Secondary education | 13 | 0.54 (0.21–1.34) | 0.49 (0.20–1.23) |
| Tertiary education | 61 | 0.91 (0.42–1.99) | 0.80 (0.37–1.76) |
| Cohabitation status | |||
| Parents live together | 49 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Parents separated/divorced | 32 | 2.61 (1.67–4.08) | 2.56 (1.63–4.00) |
| Anxiety/depression (SCL-5) | |||
| SCL-5 mean score | 80 | 2.80 (2.06–3.81) | 2.36 (1.71–3.27) |
| Non-caseness symptoms anxiety/depression | 56 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Caseness symptoms anxiety/depression | 24 | 4.25 (2.63–6.86) | 3.37 (2.06–5.52) |
| (SCL-5 single items) | |||
| Not felt constantly afraid and anxious | 70 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Felt constantly afraid and anxious | 10 | 5.43 (2.80–10.54) | 4.00 (2.04–7.84) |
| Not felt tense or uneasy | 62 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Felt tense or uneasy | 17 | 5.48 (3.20–9.38) | 4.40 (2.55–7.59) |
| Not felt hopelessness when thinking of the future | 63 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Felt hopelessness when thinking of the future | 17 | 2.65 (1.55–4.53) | 2.31 (1.34–3.96) |
| Not felt dejected or sad | 65 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Felt dejected or sad | 15 | 2.91 (1.55–5.10) | 2.25 (1.27–3.99) |
| Not worried too much about various things | 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Worried too much about various things | 20 | 2.80 (1.69–4.65) | 2.29 (1.37–3.83) |
| Loneliness | |||
| Sometimes/less seldom | 66 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Very often/often | 15 | 3.88 (2.22–6.80) | 3.24 (1.84–5.70) |
| Bullied at school | |||
| Never/sometimes | 73 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Very often/often | 5 | 3.45 (1.40–8.55) | 3.37 (1.36–8.35) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)d | |||
| Underweight (BMI <18.5) | 4 | 1.22 (0.44–3.36) | 1.21 (0.44–3.35) |
| Normal-weight (BMI 18.5–25) | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight (BMI 25–30) | 11 | 1.10 (0.58–2.11) | 1.02 (0.53–1.96) |
| Obesity (BMI >30) | 7 | 3.28 (1.49–7.22) | 3.18 (1.45–7.01) |
| Epilepsy | |||
| No | 72 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3 | 3.99 (1.26–12.68) | 4.08 (1.28–12.98) |
| Migraine | |||
| No | 69 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7 | 2.85 (1.31–6.19) | 2.45 (1.13–5.35) |
| Asthma | |||
| No | 70 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 11 | 1.18 (0.62–2.23) | 1.13 (0.60–2.14) |
| Allergy | |||
| No | 60 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 21 | 0.73 (0.44–1.20) | 0.70 (0.43–1.15) |
| Skin rash | |||
| No | 63 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 18 | 1.10 (0.65–1.86) | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) |
| Stomach pain | |||
| Seldom/never | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sometimes/often | 31 | 2.62 (1.66–4.14) | 2.16 (1.36–3.45) |
| Headache | |||
| Seldom/never | 29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sometimes/often | 49 | 2.53 (1.60–4.00) | 2.06 (1.29–3.31) |
| Smoking | |||
| Non-smoker | 29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Smoker (occasionally/daily) | 33 | 2.08 (1.26–3.43) | 1.89 (1.14–3.13) |
| Alcohol | |||
| Been drunk ≤10 times | 45 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Been drunk >10 times | 26 | 1.28 (0.78–2.10) | 1.21 (0.73–2.00) |
Excluding self-harm hospitalisations occurring within 5 months after participation in Young-HUNT
SH self-harm, HR hazard ratio, SCL-5 Hopkins Symptom Checklist, 5-item version
aTotal number of self-harm patients vary due to complete case analyses with varying number of missing observations, and start of follow-up postponed 5 months (152 days) from Young-HUNT participation date
bAdjusted for age (as time axis)
cAdjusted for age (as time axis), gender, cohabitation situation and socioeconomic status/parental education level at baseline
dContinuous age- and gender-specific residuals of standard deviation from mean group body mass index