Table 2.

Effects of supplementing cows with inorganic (INO, n = 11) or complexed (AAC, n = 9) trace minerals during the peripartal period on mRNA expression (fold-change relative to -30 d prepartum) of genes related with inflammation response, oxidative stress, eicosanoids, transcription factors, receptors and glucose metabolism in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL)

Gene	Treatments		SEMa	P value1
	INO	AAC		Treatment	Time	T × Tb
Inflammation
DDX58	1.02	1.59	0.21	0.05	0.01	0.40
IPS1	0.80	1.00	0.13	0.23	0.41	0.22
NFKB1	0.89	0.91	0.06	0.75	0.03	0.74
STAT3	1.17	1.09	0.12	0.62	0.62	0.84
TLR2	1.27	1.21	0.25	0.85	0.84	0.41
TLR4	1.14	1.43	0.30	0.48	0.11	0.49
TNF	1.33	0.82	0.25	0.14	0.99	0.68
ZBP1	0.97	0.66	0.13	0.09	0.15	0.62
Oxidative stress
MPO	0.66	0.83	0.18	0.48	<0.01	0.03
NFE2L2	1.32	1.57	0.30	0.54	0.15	0.70
NOX1	0.97	0.99	0.26	0.94	0.61	0.12
S100A8	2.05	1.90	0.40	0.78	0.08	0.98
SOD1	0.73	0.91	0.09	0.14	0.02	0.94
SOD2	1.38	1.72	0.22	0.27	0.70	0.99
SOD3	0.66	0.06	0.31	0.15	0.32	0.70
Eicosanoids
ALOX5AP	0.98	1.28	0.12	0.09	0.10	0.35
LTA4H	0.71	0.67	0.10	0.76	<0.01	0.18
PLA2G4A	0.84	1.23	0.15	0.06	0.22	0.23
PTGS2	0.93	1.30	0.46	0.53	0.04	0.93
Transcription factors
PPARA	1.03	0.63	0.14	0.04	0.01	0.21
PPARD	1.14	1.23	0.16	0.71	0.30	0.74
PPARG	0.84	1.68	0.33	0.09	0.80	0.79
RXRA	1.21	1.03	0.11	0.22	0.05	0.78
Receptors
ADORA1	1.08	1.55	0.14	0.01	0.08	0.15
ENTPD1	1.14	1.64	0.23	0.12	0.34	0.80
IL10	1.37	1.36	0.20	0.95	0.16	0.85
IL1B	1.22	1.76	0.45	0.38	0.51	0.77
ITGAM	0.75	0.78	0.07	0.74	0.10	0.32
ITGB2	0.99	0.86	0.08	0.22	0.34	0.29
P2RY11	1.02	0.89	0.18	0.60	0.14	0.44
PANX1	0.86	0.95	0.13	0.61	0.02	0.15
SELL	1.41	1.66	0.41	0.65	0.27	0.80
TLN1	0.93	1.04	0.03	0.01	0.60	0.74
VCL	0.74	0.83	0.06	0.25	<0.01	0.76
Glucose metabolism
LDHA	1.37	0.84	0.20	0.06	0.04	0.95
SLC2A1	0.83	0.56	0.06	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

¹ P values represents the probability of statistical significance for the fixed effects (treatment, time, treatment × time). Statistical differences were declared significant at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies at P ≤ 0.10

^aLargest standard error of the mean is shown

^bInteraction of treatment × time