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Regional and state specificity of modulation of gamma subbands by either theta or respiration during NREM and REM sleep. Shown are mean modulation ratios (Methods and main text). Positive ratios reflect modulation by theta, and negative ratios reflect modulation by RR. Asterisks show significant differences from zero (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.0005, one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test; n = 6–8). Error bars represent SEM.
