Table 3.
Stage of development of selected TKIs in immune-mediated GN
| Drug | Target tyrosine kinase | Animal studies | Human studies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fostamatinib | Spleen tyrosine kinase | Anti-GBM disease, ANCA-associated GN, lupus nephritis | Phase 2 clinical trial in IgAN |
| Ibrutinib | Bruton's tyrosine kinase | Lupus nephritis | No data |
| Imatinib | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor | Anti-GBM, lupus nephritis, anti-Thy 1.1 GN | Case reports of off-label use in membranoproliferative GN and cryoglobulinemia |
| Tofacitinib | Janus kinase | Lupus nephritis | Phase 1 clinical trial in SLE |