Figure 3. a–c.

MRI-guided thoracic paravertebral sympathetic plexus injection. Axial intermediate-weighted MR image (a) demonstrates the virtual needle path (arrow) to the right paravertebral sympathetic plexus connecting the virtual skin entry and target points. Axial intermediate-weighted turbo spin-echo MR image (b) demonstrates the tips of the needles (arrows) in the paravertebral space where the sympathetic nerve plexus resides. Axial gradient echo image frame (c) of real-time MRI monitoring of the injection shows the needles (white arrows) and the hyperintense injectant (gray arrows) accumulating in paravertebral space and around the sympathetic nerve plexus.