Table III. ANOVA statistics from linear mixed-effects models for traits measured in the field experiment.

For each trait, the growth stage of measurement was treated as a fixed effect, and cultivar identity was treated as a random effect to partition phenotypic variance to within and between cultivars. Trait abbreviations are as in Table II. Min and Max are the minimum and maximum trait values. Model degrees of freedom are type III Satterthwaite approximates. Variance components were estimated by partitioning variance within and between cultivars with REML. Significance levels are as follows: n.s., P > 0.05, and ***, P < 0.001 after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Effects were not estimated for g_s-co2, since it is a direct transformation of g_s.

Trait	Range		Growth Stage, Fixed Effect		Variance Component		Variance Attributed to Cultivar
	Min	Max	F2,78-86	P	Cultivar	Residual
							%
α	0.815	0.955	59.5	***	8.007 × 10−5	3.445 × 10−4	18.86
SPAD	25	54.8	129.1	***	4.291	11.848	26.59
AN	7.8	33.4	3.0	n.s.	4.84	18.08	21.12
gs	0.0988	0.585	35.2	***	8.88 × 10−4	7.29 × 10−3	10.86
gs-co2	0.0618	0.365
gm	0.39	2.42	8.7	***	0.0178	0.1357	11.60
gm/gs-co2	0.445	1.389	33.4	***	0.00	2.186 × 10−2	0.00
Ci-Cc	62.0	229.8	14.0	***	76.91	553.91	12.19
AN/gs	41.5	114.0	67.1	***	0.00	116	0.00
δ13C	−31.31	−26.2	107.8	***	0.1842	0.3746	32.96
Jcal	95.0	300.4	1.1	n.s.	346.7	2164.3	13.81
Narea	0.380	3.163	55.5	***	9.855 × 10−3	0.1702	5.47
Nmass	1.937	5.891	19.9	***	0.00	0.4463	0.00
LT	0.145	0.3025	39.8	***	1.602 × 10−5	6.741 × 10−4	2.32
LD	0.105	0.281	184.2	***	1.355 × 10−4	5.387 × 10−4	20.10
LMA	19.6	80.8	147.4	***	5.001	67.21	6.93
LDMC	0.172	0.374	244.6	***	1.308 × 10−4	5.5574 × 10−4	19.01