Figure 2.

Effects of single and combined stresses on plant development and productivity. Brachypodium distachyon plants were grown under control, salinity, drought, heat, and their combinations: salinity and drought (S_&D), salinity and heat (S_&H), drought and heat (D_&H), salinity, drought and heat (S_&D_&H). A, Shoot and B, spike morphology, C, second leaf, and D, root development. Pictures A, C, and D are representative of plants and organs four days after anthesis. Picture B is representative of spikes at the end of the growing season. E, Hierarchical clustering of morphological and yield parameters. F, Hierarchical clustering of physiological parameters. Red and blue colors indicate high and low values compared with the mean of each trait, respectively.