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HIF-1α protein expression during AVF maturation (day 3). A) Representative Western blot and bar graph showing increased HIF-1α expression in the AVF compared to control vein. n=3. *, p=0.0499. B) Photomicrographs show representative immunohistochemistry for HIF-1α protein; upper panel, control vein; lower panel, AVF. A, aorta; V, vein (inferior vena cava); black arrowheads show HIF-1α expression in the AVF venous and arterial endothelium. n=3.
