PDF results of the HA5 VAD assembled to the inflow cannulae with 115° and 140° elbow angles, combined with three circumferential orientations of 0° (blue), 30° (green) and 60° (red). (A) Single passage: with the 115° inflow cannula, the 60° main mode has the highest probability, and the 0° has the highest probability within the SA range of 10–30 dyne·s/cm2 (inset- zoom in of the highest SA range at the PDF tail). With the 140° inflow cannula, the 60° main mode has slightly wider distribution toward the lower SA range. (B) Repeated passages PDFs: inflow cannula combined with 60° circumferential orientation generated the lowest thrombogenic potential (TP)- independent of its elbow angle. The highest TP was found with the 0° and 30° circumferential orientations combined with the 115° and 140° elbow angle cannulae, respectively.