| Sample Size |
13 (6 F) |
13 (6 F) |
|
|
| Loneliness score (1–4) at initial visit (M, sd) |
1.7 (0.4) |
3.2 (0.3) |
p < 0.0001 |
|
| Interval: initial visit to death in years (M, sd) |
2.6 (1.1) |
2.1 (0.8) |
p = 0.20 |
|
| Loneliness score (1–4) at last visit (M, sd) |
2.0 (0.7) |
3.0 (0.6) |
p = 0.0003 |
|
| Interval: last visit to death in years (M, sd) |
0.9 (0.4) |
0.9 (0.7) |
p = 0.85 |
|
| Demographics |
| Education in years (M, sd) |
15.1 (3.0) |
14.2 (3.6) |
p = 0.52 |
|
| Age at initial visit (M, sd) |
81.9 (7.1) |
87.0 (5.2) |
p = 0.05 |
|
| Age at last visit (M, sd) |
83.7 (7.4) |
88.1 (5.5) |
p = 0.09 |
|
| Age at death (M, sd) |
84.6 (7.5) |
89.1 (5.2) |
p = 0.09 |
|
| Cognitive and Neurodegenerative Measures |
|
|
|
|
| Last MMSE prior to death (M, sd) |
24.5 (6.8) |
20.6 (8.0) |
p = 0.19 |
|
| Clinical interval, last MMSE prior to death in days (M, sd) |
283.92 (173.9) |
222.15 (72.6) |
p = 0.25 |
|
| Global Cognition last visit |
−0.2 (0.9) |
−1.1 (0.8) |
p<.02 |
|
| Final clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s (yes/no) |
3/10 |
0/13 |
|
|
| ApoE genotype |
|
|
|
p = 0.109 |
| E2E2
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| E2E3
|
3 |
1 |
|
|
| E2E4
|
1 |
0 |
|
|
| E3E3
|
9 |
8 |
|
|
| E3E4
|
0 |
4 |
|
|
| E4E4
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Braak Stage |
|
|
|
p = 0.018 |
| I
|
5 |
0 |
|
|
| II
|
2 |
0 |
|
|
| III
|
5 |
6 |
|
|
| IV
|
0 |
3 |
|
|
| V
|
1 |
4 |
|
|
| VI
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Assessment of neuritic plaques |
|
|
|
p = 0.026 |
| definite
|
4 |
3 |
|
|
| probable
|
2 |
9 |
|
|
| possible
|
2 |
0 |
|
|
| no AD
|
5 |
1 |
|
|
| NIA Reagan score |
|
|
|
p = 0.015 |
| high likelihood
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
| intermediate likelihood
|
4 |
10 |
|
|
| low likelihood
|
8 |
1 |
|
|
| no AD
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Overall cognitive diagnostic category |
|
|
|
p = 0.196 |
| no cognitive impairment
|
6 |
2 |
|
|
| mild cognitive impairment
|
3 |
5 |
|
|
| Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
|
4 |
6 |
|
|
| Life Style |
| Grams of alcohol per day (M, sd) |
3.2 (10.4) |
6.4 (11.5) |
p = 0.46 |
|
| Lifetime daily alcohol intake (LDAI) at baseline |
0.4 (0.9) |
0.5 (0.7) |
p = 0.91 |
|
| Smoking quantity at baseline (cigarettes/day: M, sd) |
13.8 (15.1) |
20.0 (11.4) |
p = 0.46 |
|
| Smoking at baseline |
|
|
|
p = 0.691 |
| never
|
8 |
7 |
|
|
| former smoker
|
5 |
6 |
|
|
| current smoker
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Body Mass Index at baseline |
25.0 (3.6) |
24.2 (1.8) |
p = 0.50 |
|
| Body Mass Index at last visit |
24.4 (3.7) |
24.0 (2.3) |
p = 0.76 |
|
| Medical Conditions |
| Clinician Rating of Depression at baseline |
|
|
|
p = 0.141 |
| not present
|
13 |
11 |
|
|
| possible
|
0 |
2 |
|
|
| probable
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| highly probable
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Clinician Rating of Depression at last visit |
|
|
|
p = 0.336 |
| not present
|
12 |
10 |
|
|
| possible
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
| probable
|
0 |
1 |
|
|
| highly probable
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| Hypertension ever (yes/no) |
6/7 |
6/7 |
|
p = 1.0 |
| Cancer ever (yes/no) |
5/8 |
2/11 |
|
p = 0.185 |
| History of Diabetes (yes/no) |
1/12 |
1/12 |
|
p = 1.0 |
| History of head injury with loss of consciousness (yes/no) |
1/12 |
0/13 |
|
p = 0.308 |
| History of thyroid disease (yes/no) |
3/10 |
1/12 |
|
p = 0.277 |
| History of heart condition (yes/no) |
3/10 |
5/8 |
|
p = 0.395 |
| History of congestive heart failure (yes/no) |
1/12 |
1/12 |
|
p = 1.0 |
| History of claudication (yes/no) |
1/12 |
2/11 |
|
p = 0.539 |
| Clinical diagnosis of stroke ever (yes/no) |
2/11 |
3/10 |
|
p = 0.619 |
| Prescription medication during 2 weeks prior to death |
|
|
|
p = 0.156 |
| yes
|
9 |
10 |
|
|
| no
|
0 |
0 |
|
|
| don’t know
|
2 |
0 |
|
|
| no answer
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
| Vitamins taken during 2 weeks prior to death |
|
|
|
p = 0.012 |
| yes
|
2 |
8 |
|
|
| no
|
5 |
2 |
|
|
| don’t know
|
4 |
0 |
|
|
| no answer
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
| Other nonprescription medicines taken during 2 weeks prior to death (pain medication, laxatives or bowel medicines, cold and cough, sleep, antacids or stomach medicines) |
|
|
|
p = 0.257 |
| yes
|
6 |
8 |
|
|
| no
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
| don’t know
|
3 |
0 |
|
|
| no answer
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
| Deceased - Post Mortem information |
| Agonal State Information |
| died in sleep (yes/no/don’t know)
|
2/9/0 |
2/7/1 |
|
p = 0.547 |
| died unexpectedly (yes/no)
|
1/10 |
1/9 |
|
p = 0.943 |
| had major surgery with anaesthesia within two weeks prior to death (yes/no)
|
1/9 |
0/9 |
|
p = 0.330 |
| breathing difficulty in the 3 days prior to death (yes/suspect/no)
|
5/1/4 |
7/0/2 |
|
p = 0.377 |
| fever in the 3 days prior to death (yes/suspect/no/don’t know)
|
3/1/3/3 |
4/0/5/0 |
|
p = 0.203 |
| infection in the 3 days prior to death (yes/suspect/no)
|
4/2/4 |
2/0/7 |
|
p = 0.179 |
| unconscious in the hour prior to death (yes/suspect/no)
|
9/0/1 |
5/1/3 |
|
p = 0.212 |
| on ventilator in the hour prior to death (yes/no)
|
0/10 |
0/9 |
|
|
| Post Mortem Interval in mins (M, sd) |
340 (109) |
350 (128) |
p = 0.83 |
|
| RNA OD 260/280 Ratio |
2.0 (.05) |
2.0 (.03) |
p = 0.50 |
|
| RNA OD 260/230 Ration |
2.1 (.05) |
2.1 (.07) |
p = 0.13 |
|
