Table 2.

Guilt- and Shame-relevant Behavioral Codes

Behavior	Coding Description
Shame-relevant behaviors
Gaze aversions from E	Upon E’s return, looks at E’s face then looks away toward no meaningful object (e.g., the floor, ceiling, or furniture)
Bodily avoidance of E	Upon E’s return, backs up while looking at E or moves away from E toward no meaningful object or person after focusing on E. Withdrawal to parent also counted as avoiding E.
Guilt-relevant behaviors
Telling E/Parent about the mishap	Shows E/parent the monkey’s broken leg, brings the broken toy and/or leg to E/parent, and/or verbalizes that the toy broken
Repairing the toy	The child tries to fix the monkey’s leg or asks parent or E to fix the toy