Table 2.
Prevalence of gene methylation in gastric cancer.
| Function | Gene | Assay | Prevalence of methylation (%) |
Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Cancer | ||||
| Cell cycle | P16 | MSP | 3.8–35.0 | 21.3–45.0 | (86) |
| PTEN | MPS | 76 | (87) | ||
| Adhesion/invasion/cell migration | E-cadherin/CDH1 | MSP | 16.0–36.1 | 50.6–84.0 | (88) |
| GRIK2 | Q-MSP | 7.41–30.0 | 50.0–66.6 | (85) | |
| Growth/cell differentiation | HAI-2/SPINT2 | MSP | 0.0 | 75.0 | (83) |
| Apoptosis | BCL2 | MethyLight | 25.9 | 80 | (89) |
| GSTP1 | MSP | 1.9 | 20.6 | (90) | |
| Desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair | XRCC1 | MPS | (91) | ||
| Transcriptional regulation | RUNX3 | Q-MSP | 7.4 | 56.0–75.2 | (92) |
| PDX1 | MSP | 16.7 | 77 | (80) | |
| Proliferation | TFF1 | MPS | - | 40.9 | (93) |
| RAS pathway | RASSF1A | MPS | 5.7 | 45.6–61.8 | (94) |
| STAT pathway | SOCS-1 | MPS | 12.0 | 44.0 | (95) |
| SOCS-3 | MPS | 13.0 | 74 | (96) | |
| WNT pathway | SFRP1 | MSP | 15.0 | 44.0 | (97) |
MSP, methylation-specific PCR; Q-MSP, quantitative methylation-specific PCR; MethyLight, real-time PCR to measure DNA methylation.