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. 2017 May 2;8:744. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00744

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Copyright © 2017 Schären, Kiri, Riede, Gardener, Meyer, Hummel, Urich, Breves and Dänicke.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Boxplots of diversity variables of rumen liquid (LAAB), particle (PAAB) and epithelium (EAAB) associated archaea and bacteria in wk 1, wk 5, and wk 10 of the pasture (PG) and confinement (CG, n = 5) group. The CG stayed on a TMR based ration during the entire trial while the PG was slowly introduced to a pasture-based ration: wk 1: TMR, wk 2: TMR and 3 h pasture/d, wk 3 and 4: TMR and 12 h pasture/d, wk 5-10: pasture and 1.75 kg DM concentrate/d.