Fig. 9.

Stimulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons produces dwelling locomotory characteristics. A: curvature of a representative worm of the indicated genotype. B: time derivative of curvature for the same worm. 17/20, 11/11, and 11/11 worms of the indicated genotypes showed slowing in response to blue light for the respective genotypes shown. C: head movement frequency was assessed in worms expressing ChR2 in dopaminergic neurons before, during, and after optogenetic stimulation. Worms were stimulated after they were assessed to be either swimming or dwelling. n = 20, 9, and 3 worms, respectively.