ISA pre-conditioning attenuates neuronal and astrocyte apoptosis induced by ischemic injury. ISA pre-conditioning was administered to rats in the ischemic model described in the Methods. A. Cell viability evaluation of primary astrocytes isolated at 12, 24, and 48 h by CCK8. B. Cell viability evaluation of primary astrocytes isolated at 12, 24, and 48 h by CCK8 with double dosage. C. Number of TUNEL-positive cells at 12 h. D. Number of TUNEL-positive cells at 24 h. E. Number of TUNEL-positive cells at 48 h. Data in the figures represent the average ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, compared to the control group.