Fig. (10).

Models of DNA internalization in cells via electrophoresis. (a) Non-linear DNA is aligned with the electric field line and is electrophoretically pushed through one pore that becomes wider upon its passage. (b) Linear DNA has one end inserted in the pore and the electrophoretic force drives the DNA through it. (c) Linear DNA has two (or more) insertions in the membrane where the pores are and its electrophoresis cut the membrane between these pores (white part of the membrane). From [183].