Table 7.
Sensitivity analysis 3: Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury multivariable model restricted to hospitalised patients (N = 3047 outcome = 298)
| Characteristics | Primary analysis OR (95% CI)b |
P valuea (PT) | Sensitivity analysis OR (95% CI)b |
P valuea (PT) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | 0.64 (0.49–0.83) | 0.0008 | 0.64 (0.49–0.84) | 0.001 |
| Age categories years | 65–69 | 0.83 (0.52–1.35) | 0.55 | 0.84 (0.52–1.37) | 0.49 |
| 70–74 | 0.70 (0.46–1.09) | 0.70 (0.45–1.09) | |||
| 75–79 | 0.78 (0.54–1.13) | 0.75 (0.52–1.10) | |||
| 80–84 | 0.84 (0.59–1.18) | 0.82 (0.58–1.16) | |||
| ≥85 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Smoking status | Non-smoker | 1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.32 |
| Current smoker | 1.39 (0.92–2.11) | 1.34 (0.88–2.04) | |||
| Ex-smoker | 1.26 (0.91–1.74) | 1.25 (0.90–1.73) | |||
| Alcohol intake (units/day) | Non-drinker | 1 | 0.43 | 1 | 0.59 |
| Ex-drinker | 1.00 (0.64–1.55) | 1.00 (0.64–1.56) | |||
| Current ≤6 units/day | 0.88 (0.61–1.26) | 0.88 (0.61–1.28) | |||
| Heavy >6 units/day | 0.55 (0.24–1.26) | 0.61 (0.27–1.40) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 15–18.4 | 0.95 (0.45–2.00) | 0.53 | 1.00 (0.47–2.13) | 0.56 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 25–29.9 | 0.90 (0.65–1.23) | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) | |||
| ≥30 | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 1.12 (0.80–1.56) | |||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | ≤29 | 4.62 (3.06–6.99) | <0.0001 | 4.54 (2.98–6.90) | <0.0001 |
| 30–59 | 2.48 (1.84–3.33) | (<0.0001) | 2.40 (1.78–3.25) | (<0.0001) | |
| ≥60 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Proteinuria | 1.23 (0.95–1.59) | 0.12 | 1.19 (0.92–1.55) | 0.19 | |
| Hypertension | 1.27 (0.93–1.73) | 0.13 | 1.30 (0.95–1.78) | 0.09 | |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | 0.86 | 1.06 (0.78–1.43) | 0.73 | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 0.76 (0.58–1.00) | 0.04 | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) | 0.03 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.90 (0.68–1.20) | 0.47 | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) | 0.44 | |
| Dementia | 1.17 (0.73–1.88) | 0.53 | 1.26 (0.78–2.04) | 0.36 | |
| Chronic lung disease | 0.79 (0.58–1.07) | 0.12 | 0.76 (0.56–1.03) | 0.08 | |
| Cancer | 0.76 (0.54–1.07) | 0.11 | 0.77 (0.55–1.09) | 0.13 | |
| Connective tissue diseases | 0.66 (0.40–1.08) | 0.08 | 0.64 (0.39–1.05) | 0.07 | |
| Either ACEI/ ARBs | 1.59 (1.19–2.13) | 0.002 | 1.57 (1.17–2.11) | 0.002 | |
| Glycated haemoglobin levels | Good <7% | 1 | 1 | ||
| Borderline 7–10% | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | 0.38 | 0.83 (0.62–1.10) | 0.40 | |
| High >7% | 0.82 (0.43–1.54) | 0.82 (0.43–1.56) | |||
| Medication-diabetes | None | 1 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.03 |
| Oral | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | 1.05 (0.75–1.48) | |||
| Insulin | 2.27 (1.27–4.05) | 2.43 (1.34–4.40) | |||
| Both | 1.11 (0.72–1.71) | 1.11 (0.72–1.71) | |||
| Study period | April 2004–September 2007 | 1 | <0.0001 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| (<0.0001) | |||||
| October 2007–March 2011 | 2.90 (2.14–3.95) | (<0.0001) | 2.74 (2.01–3.73) | (<0.0001) | |
OR odds ratio CI confidence interval alikelihood ratio test PT P value for trend badjusted for all variables in table BMI body mass index eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers Sep. September Oct. October