Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
GL inhibits HMGB1-induced NF-κB activation by blocking its binding to RAGE and TLR4. NR8383 cells were stimulated by LPS or HMGB1 and treated with or without increasing concentrations of GL for 12 h. (a) HMGB1-RAGE and HMGB1-TLR4 binding activities were determined by coimmunoprecipitation assays. (b) Activation of IκBα was determined by western blotting. (c) Activation of MAPKs including JNK, ERK1/2, and P38 was determined by western blotting.
