| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| AS | Ankylosing spondylitis |
| PsA | Psoriatic arthritis |
| ARs | Adenosine receptors |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor κ-B |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor α |
| IL | Interleukin |
| MMP | Metalloproteinases |
| cAMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| DMARDS | Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug |
| NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| NURR1 | Nuclear orphan receptor |
| PDE-4 | Phosphodiesterase-4 |
| ACR | American College of Rheumatology |
| RF | Rheumatoid factor |
| ACPA | Anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide |
| DAS28 | Disease Activity Score evaluated in 28 joints |
| HAQ | Health Assessment Questionnaire |
| ASAS | Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society |
| CASPAR | Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis |
| BASDAI | Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index |
| BASFI | Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index |
| RT-PCR | Real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| PMA | Phorbol myristate acetate |