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. 2017 Mar 28;18(4):709. doi: 10.3390/ijms18040709

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Topical application of nanoencapsulated curcumin slowed the progression of osteoarthritis induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in mice. Mice with DMM were treated daily with topical application of curcumin nanoparticles or vehicle. Mice treated topically with curcumin nanoparticles (Nano-C) exhibited improved Safranin O staining (A); lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores (B); and reduced synovitis (C); and subchondral bone plate thickness (D) at eight weeks after surgery compared to that in vehicle control (Veh) (* p < 0.05, t-test, n = 5/group). Reproduced from [96] (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4891896).