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Delphinidin induced inhibition of glucose uptake, intracellular Ca2+, and cAMP increase in Caco-2 cell monolayers is reversed by FFA1 antagonist. (A) Effect of GW1100 on glucose uptake induced by delphinidin. Each bar represent the mean ± SEM of seven different experiments; (B) Effect of delphinidin on Caco-2 Fura-2 AM loaded cells or in the presence of GW1100 (C); (D) cAMP measurements, bars represent mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.
