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. 2017 Apr 4;18(4):764. doi: 10.3390/ijms18040764

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of protein kinase C (PKC) effects on trafficking of (a) sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), (b) bile salt export pump (BSEP) and (c) multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 in hepatocytes. Black arrows indicate activation of PKCs by compounds. Red arrows indicate stimulation of transporter internalization by PKCs. Green arrows show stimulation of membrane insertion of transporters by PKCs. Blue arrows correspond to trafficking (internalization/membrane insertion) of transporters. PMA: phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate; TCDC: taurochenodeoxycholate; E17βG: estradiol 17β-d-glucuronide; tBHP: tertio-butylhydroperoxide; TLC: taurolithocholate; cAMP: 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate; TUDC: tauroursodeoxycholate