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. 2017 Apr 10;18(4):794. doi: 10.3390/ijms18040794

Figure 5.

Figure 5

GA upregulates AMPK signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages. (A) Mouse peritoneal macrophages; (B) RAW264.7 cells; and (C) dTHP-1 cells were treated with the same method as in Figure 4. Cell lysates were prepared and analyzed for phosphorylation of AMPK by Western blotting. The histograms below the blots show relative density ratios (fold changes) measured by Image J. Values are presented as means ± SD of three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus LPS group at 15 min; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 versus LPS group at 30 min. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase.