Effects of different doses of Hy on the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 response to LPS-treated HMEC-1 cells in vitro. (A) Effects of various concentrations of LPS (0, 100, 200 and 500 ng/mL for 48 h) on the TNF-α, IL-1β, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 levels in HMEC-1 cells; (B) Effects of different doses of Hy (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM for 48 h) on the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 HMEC-1 cells; (C) Effects of different doses of Hy (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM) on the TNF-α, IL-1β, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expressions in LPS (500 ng/mL)-stimulated HMEC-1 cells. The HMEC-1 cells were pretreated with different doses of Hy for 6 h before LPS incubation for another 48 h. Values are mean ± S.D. * p < 0.05 vs. 0 ng/mL, 0 μM or control, † p < 0.05 vs. LPS. n = 4 for each group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; VCAM-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1.