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. 2017 Apr 20;18(4):877. doi: 10.3390/ijms18040877

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Ubiquitylating enzymes and deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) govern the outcome of TGF-β signaling. (A) USP15 deubiquitylates both TGF-β receptor and SMURF2 (SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2) to enhance the signaling; (B) TRAF4 can either ubiquitylate itself or SMURF2 forming different polyubiquitin chains, and it has been shown to recruit USP15 (Ubiquitin-specific protease 15) to the receptor; (C) SMAD6 recruits A20 to the receptor which deubiquitylates TRAF6 and attenuates the signaling. Arrows indicate addition and dotted lines indicate removal.