Table 4.

Heart rate variability in time domain in control and MS groups

Parameter	Control			MS
	Baseline	After IME	ES	Baseline	After IME	ES
SDNN	23.2±11	35.3±6†	−1.35	12.1±5*	19.7±4*,‡	−1.54
RMSSD	20.3±5	31.1±4†	−2.42	13.3±7*	19.5±3*,‡	−1.11
pNN50	3.4±0.9	3.9±1.1	-	2.2±0.7*	3.1±1.5‡	−0.76

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

IME, inspiratory muscle exercise; MS, metabolic syndrome; ES, effect size; SDNN, standard deviation of the RR interval (time elapsing between two consecutive R waves); RMSSD, root-meansquare of differences of successive RR interval; pNN50, percent of differences of adjacent RR interval >50 msec.

^*P<0.05 vs. control group at the same evaluation time.

^†P<0.05 vs. baseline MS group.