Figure 3.

Differential scales of proteostasis regulation in multicellular organisms. The PN is regulated at multiple scales from the cellular to the organismal level, which is illustrated here for the human chaperome (refer to Fig. 2 for details). At the cellular level, the PN consists of the molecular machineries required in all compartments to maintain proteostasis (top). Tissue-specific regulation of PN components tailors PN activity to tissue-specific functions (middle). Recent discoveries in invertebrate and vertebrate models suggest that the PN is also controlled across tissues and organs by neuronal activity and intertissue communication to regulate proteostasis at the organismal level (bottom).