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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 2.
Published in final edited form as: Jpn J Radiol. 2016 May 24;34(7):470–485. doi: 10.1007/s11604-016-0553-3

Table 1.

PET tracer in urological oncology

Biological analog Target process Measured effect
18F-FDG Glucose Glucose transporters and hexokinases Aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, glucose consumption
11C-choline Choline Choline kinase Cell membrane metabolism, tumor proliferation
18F-choline Choline Choline kinase Cell membrane metabolism, tumor proliferation
11C-acetate Acetate Tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid synthase Lipid synthesis
18F-FDHT Testosterone Androgen receptor Measures androgen receptor
18F-NaF Fluoride Hydroxyl and bicarbonate ions of bone hydroxyapatite Measures bone status
18F-FMISO NA Measures hypoxia Tumor hypoxia
18F-FLT NA Thymidine kinase Nucleic acid synthesis, tumor proliferation
18F-FACBC Amino-fluorocyclobutane-carboxylic acid Neutral A–A type amino acid uptake and protein synthesis Protein synthesis
68Ga-PSMA Prostate specific membrane antigen Prostate cell surface protein Tumor aggressiveness, androgen independence

NA not applicable