Table 2.

Real-time PCR (qPCR) Data

Treatment	50 μg/ml AGP					500 μg/ml AGP
Target Gene	3 hrs	6 hrs	12 hrs	24 hrs	48 hrs	3 hrs	6 hrs	12 hrs	24 hrs	48 hrs
Cytokines
IL-10	1.17 ± 0.1	1.34 ± 0.3	0.72 ± 0.1	1.03 ± 0.2	0.97 ± 0.0	0.47 ± 0.0	1.68 § ± 0.0	1.89 † ± 0.2	1.02 ± 0.1	0.49 * ± 0.1
TNF-α	0.25 ± 0.1	1.99 † ± 0.1	1.22 ± 0.2	0.74 ± 0.1	1.18 ± 0.3	0.40 ± 0.0	1.71 § ± 0.1	1.69 § ± 0.1	0.97 ± 0.3	0.97 ± 0.0
IL-1β	0.84 ± 0.1	3.42 § ± 1.1	0.93 ± 0.1	0.29 ± 0.1	2.02 ± 0.6	2.27 ±0.9	1.81 ± 0.7	12.36 † ± 0.4	4.55 † ± 0.3	1.46 ± 0.2
IL-6	0.96 ± 0.0	2.46 ± 0.1	3.06 ± 0.1	2.45 ± 0.5	2.63 ± 0.4	1.49 ±0.6	30.45 † ± 4.4	8.56 § ± 1.0	26.32 † ± 2.9	20.09 § ± 3.7
TJ Proteins
Occludin	1.43 ± 0.4	0.90 ± 0.0	1.60 § ± 0.2	1.01 ± 0.2	0.64 ± 0.2	0.66 ± 0.1	0.82 ± 0.1	0.58 * ± 0.1	0.47 † ± 0.2	0.36 † ± 0.1
ZO-1	2.19* ±0.7	0.66 * ± 0.1	1.22 ± 0.1	0.75 ± 0.2	0.73 ± 0.1	3.4 § ± 0.9	0.97 ± 0.1	0.90 ± 0.2	0.38 † ± 0.1	0.39 † ± 0.1
Claudin-2	1.45 ± 0.1	0.48 † ± 0.2	1.08 ± 0.1	0.24 † ± 0.1	0.29 † ± 0.0	0.73 ± 0.0	0.76 ± 0.1	1.09 ± 0.0	0.48 † ± 0.0	0.22 † ± 0.0
Claudin-5	1.20 ± 0.1	1.01 ± 0.1	1.34 ± 0.4	1.89 ± 0.4	5.87 † ± 0.7	0.54 ± 0.1	1.36 ± 0.1	0.54 * ± 0.1	0.85 ± 0.2	2.42 § ± 0.3
JAM-1	1.08 ± 0.2	0.64 ± 0.1	1.60 ± 0.2	0.28 † ± 0.1	0.38 § ± 0.2	0.65 ± 0.3	0.45 § ± 0.1	1.44 * ± 0.2	0.47 § ± 0.1	0.32 † ± 0.1

Results have been calculated using the Pfaffl method to produce a ratio (treatment: control) that represents mean ± SEM for the effect of the treatment on mRNA expression for the respective target gene with GAPDH as the reference gene.

^*indicates p-value <0.05;

^§ indicates p-value <0.01;

^†indicates p-value <0.001, compared with respective control; ratio means larger than two or less than 0.5 are bolded; n= 3–6.